{"id":8141,"date":"2019-10-04T14:18:36","date_gmt":"2019-10-04T14:18:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.harlaclinic.et\/?page_id=8141"},"modified":"2019-11-07T15:07:01","modified_gmt":"2019-11-07T15:07:01","slug":"maternal-and-child-health","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.harlaclinic.et\/?page_id=8141","title":{"rendered":"Maternal and Child Health"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.harlaclinic.et\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/m1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-8234\" src=\"http:\/\/www.harlaclinic.et\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/m1-300x168.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" \/><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.harlaclinic.et\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/mm.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-8235\" src=\"http:\/\/www.harlaclinic.et\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/mm.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.harlaclinic.et\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/mm.png 225w, https:\/\/www.harlaclinic.et\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/mm-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.harlaclinic.et\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/mmm.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-8236\" src=\"http:\/\/www.harlaclinic.et\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/mmm.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"293\" height=\"172\" \/><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.harlaclinic.et\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/untitled.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-8237\" src=\"http:\/\/www.harlaclinic.et\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/untitled.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"287\" height=\"176\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ethiopia has one of the world\u2019s highest rates of maternal deaths and disabilities in the world. Women have a one-in-52 chance of dying from childbirth-related causes each year. Every year, more than 257,000 children under the age of five die and 120,000 die in the neonatal period. More than 60 percent of infant and 40 percent of under-five deaths in Ethiopia are neonatal deaths. We\u00a0work\u00a0to reduce maternal, neonatal, and child mortality rates. We\u00a0support\u00a0integrated packages of evidence-based interventions delivered across a continuum of care at family, community and facility levels by increasing availability of services like skilled birth attendance and essential new born care\/treatment\u2014especially to underserved populations.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Our achievements to\u00a0benefit\u00a0Ethiopian women and children include the expansion\u00a0of proven interventions such as a comprehensive maternal health package through the health extension program; roll-out of basic obstetric and new born care, essential new born care, integrated management of neonatal and childhood illnesses, and integrated community case management of childhood illnesses including treatment of neonatal sepsis; and increased coverage of skilled birth attendance, immunizations, early identification, and care and treatment of sick children.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Our Services<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<div class=\"services\">\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Harla Clinic offers extensive clinical services to our community with a dedicated team of volunteers and medical professionals. Our services include:<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Screening Exams<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>A screening test is done to detect potential health disorders or diseases in people who do not have any symptoms of disease. The goal is early detection and lifestyle changes or surveillance, to reduce the risk of disease, or to detect it early enough to treat it most effectively.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Ultrasound Services<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Ultrasound confirming and dating a pregnancy to diagnosing certain conditions and guiding doctors through precise medical procedures. An ultrasound scan is a medical test that uses high-frequency sound waves to capture live images from the inside of your body.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Pregnancy Care<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Getting good care before, during, and after your pregnancy is very important. It can help your baby grow and develop and keep you both healthy. It is the best way to be sure your little one gets a head start on a healthy life. Good prenatal care includes good nutrition and health habits before and during pregnancy<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Prenatal Care<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Prenatal care, also known as antenatal care, is a type of preventive healthcare. Its goal is to provide regular check-ups that allow doctors or midwives to treat and prevent potential health problems throughout the course of the pregnancy and to promote healthy lifestyles that benefit both mother and child<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Laboratory<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Laboratory information enables physicians and other healthcare professionals to make appropriate evidence-based diagnostic or therapeutic decisions for their patients. Clinical laboratory services are the most cost effective, least invasive source of the objective information used in clinical decision-making.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"service_title trans_200\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Check-ups<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"service_text\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>Regular health check-ups can identify any early signs of health issues. Finding problems early means that your chances for effective treatment are increased. Many factors, such as your age, health, family history and lifestyle choices, impact on how often you need check-ups.<\/p>\n<div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6 service_col\">\n<div class=\"service text-center trans_200\">\n<div class=\"service_text\">\n<div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6 service_col\">\n<div class=\"service text-center trans_200\">\n<div class=\"service_text\">\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Preconceptioncare<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<article>\n<div class=\"nhsuk-grid-row\">\n<div class=\"nhsuk-grid-column-two-thirds\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<section>Preconception care is an opportunity for you and your partner to improve your health before you start trying for a baby. A healthcare professional can help you to assess your health, fitness and lifestyle, to identify areas that you may want to improve.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Preconception care may be useful if:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">you want to find out how a condition such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/pregnancy-and-baby\/diabetes-pregnant\/\">diabetes<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/pregnancy-and-baby\/epilepsy-pregnant\/\">epilepsy<\/a> can affect pregnancy<\/li>\n<li>you&#8217;re having trouble getting pregnant<\/li>\n<li>there is a risk that you could pass on a genetic condition, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/pregnancy-and-baby\/screening-sickle-cell-thalassaemia-pregnant\/\">sickle cell disease or thalassaemia<\/a>, to your baby<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Allow plenty of time for preconception planning and care before you start to try for a baby.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">You will increase your chances of getting pregnant if both you and your partner are in good health. A bad diet, being overweight or obese,\u00a0smoking, drinking and unhealthy working conditions can affect the quality of sperm and stop you getting pregnant. You should both try to make your lifestyle as healthy as possible before you try to conceive.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">If you need advice about preconception care before trying for a baby, your GP or a midwife can give you more information. Preconception care is also provided by some practice nurses, health visitors, family planning clinics and well woman clinics.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Antenatal care<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Antenatal care is the care you get from health professionals during your pregnancy.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">It&#8217;s sometimes called pregnancy care or maternity care.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">You&#8217;ll be offered appointments with a midwife, or sometimes a doctor who specialises in pregnancy and birth (an obstetrician).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">You should start your antenatal care as soon as possible once you know you&#8217;re pregnant. You can do this by contacting a midwife or GP.<\/p>\n<section id=\"what-is-antenatal-care\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This is the care you receive while you&#8217;re pregnant to make sure you and your baby are as well as possible. The midwife or doctor providing your antenatal care will:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">check the health of you and your baby<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">give you useful information to help you have a healthy pregnancy, including advice about\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/pregnancy-and-baby\/healthy-pregnancy-diet\/\">healthy eating<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/pregnancy-and-baby\/pregnancy-exercise\/\">exercise<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">discuss your options and choices for your care during pregnancy, labour and birth<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">answer any questions you may have<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"content-no-top-padding ng-scope\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Delivery<\/span> <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">You\u2019re unlikely to mistake the signs of labour when the time comes, but if you\u2019re in any doubt don\u2019t hesitate to contact your midwife or doctor managing your pregnancy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><!-- end ngIf: article.fields.intro --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"figure\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-hda-init-image-on=\"article\" data-hda-image-type=\"PRIMARY\" data-ng-show=\"article.image\">\n<div class=\"pinterest-button-block\"><\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"ng-isolate-scope\" title=\"Pregnant woman and her partner arriving at hospital\" src=\"https:\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/general\/primary\/pregnant-woman-partner-hospital-B4D2W9.jpg\" alt=\"Pregnant woman and her partner arriving at hospital\" width=\"381\" height=\"254\" data-pinterest-image=\"article.image\" data-pinterest-title=\"Giving birth - the signs and stages of labour\" data-hda-image-dimensions=\"PRIMARY\" data-ng-src=\"\/\/media.healthdirect.org.au\/images\/general\/primary\/pregnant-woman-partner-hospital-B4D2W9.jpg\" \/><!-- ngIf: article.image.description --><figcaption class=\"figcaption ng-scope\" data-ng-if=\"article.image.description\">\n<div class=\"content-no-top-padding ng-scope\">\n<p>Every birth is different, but regular contractions are usually the first sign of going in to labour.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><!-- end ngIf: article.image.description --><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><!-- ngIf: article.fields.body --><\/p>\n<div class=\"article-markdown ng-scope\" data-ng-if=\"article.fields.body\" data-hda-markdown=\"article.fields.body\">\n<div class=\"content-no-top-padding ng-scope\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Early signs of labour<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Giving birth will be different for every woman, but the main signs that you are starting labour will most likely be strong, regular contractions, and a \u2018show\u2019. During your pregnancy, a plug of mucus sits in your cervix. A show is when that plug of mucus comes away, indicating that the cervix is starting to open.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Other signs that you are going into labour can include:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>your waters breaking (rupture of the membranes)<\/li>\n<li>backache, or an upset stomach<\/li>\n<li>cramping or tightening, similar to period pain<\/li>\n<li>a feeling of pressure, as the baby\u2019s head moves into the pelvis<\/li>\n<li>an urge to go to the toilet caused by your baby\u2019s head pressing in your bowel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Stages of labour<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">There are three stages to labour.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au\/giving-birth-first-stage-of-labour\">first stage<\/a> is when your contractions increase, and your cervix begins to open up (dilate). This is usually the longest state.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au\/giving-birth-second-stage-of-labour\">second stage<\/a> of labour is when your cervix is fully open. This is the part of labour where you help your baby move through your vagina by pushing with your contractions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au\/giving-birth-third-stage-of-labour\">third stage<\/a> is after the birth of your baby, when your womb contracts and causes the placenta to come out through the vagina.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Emergency gynaecologic procedures<\/strong> <\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Gynaecologic emergencies are relatively common and include ectopic pregnancies, adnexal torsion, tubo-ovarian abscess, haemorrhagic ovarian cysts, gynaecologic haemorrhage, and vulvo vaginal trauma. The purpose of this article is to provide a concise review of these emergencies, focusing on the evaluation and treatment options for the patient. In many cases, other causes of an acute abdomen are in the differential diagnosis. Understanding the tenets of diagnosis helps the surgeon narrow the aetiology and guide appropriate treatment.<\/p>\n<p id=\"__p1\" class=\"p p-first\">Gynaecological disorders are a common cause of morbidity among women of reproductive age worldwide. In developing countries, gynaecological emergencies present enormous challenges given the weak health infrastructure in these settings. Whereas reports indicate that approximately 1.4 million gynaecological emergency visits to emergency department are recorded in the USA accounting for 24.3 visits per 1000 women of reproductive age (15 &#8211; 44 years)[<a id=\"__tag_395781379\" class=\" bibr popnode tag_hotlink tag_tooltip\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4110985\/#R1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">1<\/a>], equivalent data for developing countries are not readily available. However acute gynaecological conditions are important causes of morbidity and mortality in these countries and constitute significant public health problems.<\/p>\n<p id=\"__p2\">This review will highlight common gynaecological emergencies in the tropics and discuss current evidencebased approaches to their management.<\/p>\n<p id=\"__p3\">The most common gynaecological emergencies are ectopic pregnancy, acute pelvic inflammatory disease, miscarriages and complicated ovarian cysts [<a id=\"__tag_395781375\" class=\" bibr popnode tag_hotlink tag_tooltip\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4110985\/#R2\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-haspopup=\"true\">2<\/a>]. Other gynaecological conditions which may present as emergencies are menstrual disorders, bleeding gynaecological malignancies, coital laceration and sexual assault. In the tropics, ectopic pregnancy and complications of unsafe abortion are the most common life threatening gynaecological emergencies.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Family planning<\/strong> <\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Family planning allows people to attain their desired number of children and determine the spacing of pregnancies. It is achieved through use of contraceptive methods and the treatment of infertility (this fact sheet focuses on contraception).<\/p>\n<p>Family planning provides many benefits to mother, children, father, and the family.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mother<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Enables her to regain her health after delivery.<\/li>\n<li>Gives enough time and opportunity to love and provide attention to her husband and children.<\/li>\n<li>Gives more time for her family and own personal advancement.<\/li>\n<li>When suffering from an illness, gives enough time for treatment and recovery.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Children<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Healthy mothers produce healthy children.<\/li>\n<li>Will get all the attention, security, love, and care they deserve.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Father<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lightens the burden and responsibility in supporting his family.<\/li>\n<li>Enables him to give his children their basic needs (food, shelter, education, and better future).<\/li>\n<li>Gives him time for his family and own personal advancement.<\/li>\n<li>When suffering from an illness, gives enough time for treatment and recovery.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"section_head1\">Contraceptive methods<\/h3>\n<h3 class=\"section_head2\">Modern methods<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td>Method<\/td>\n<td>Description<\/td>\n<td>How it works<\/td>\n<td>Effectiveness to prevent pregnancy<\/td>\n<td>Comments<\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) or \u201cthe pill\u201d<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">Contains two hormones (estrogen and progestogen)<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">Prevents the release of eggs from the ovaries (ovulation)<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">&gt;99% with correct and consistent use<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">Reduces risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer<\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">92% as commonly used<\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"5\">Progestogen-only pills (POPs) or &#8220;the minipill&#8221;<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\">Contains only progestogen hormone, not estrogen<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\">Thickens cervical mucous to block sperm and egg from meeting and prevents ovulation<\/td>\n<td>99% with correct and consistent use<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\">Can be used while breastfeeding; must be taken at the same time each day<\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">90\u201397% as commonly used<\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">Implants<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">Small, flexible rods or capsules placed under the skin of the upper arm; contains progestogen hormone only<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">Thickens cervical mucous to block sperm and egg from meeting and prevents ovulation<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">&gt;99%<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">Health-care provider must insert and remove; can be used for 3\u20135 years depending on implant; irregular vaginal bleeding common but not harmful<\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">Progestogen only injectables<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">Injected into the muscle or under the skin every 2 or 3 months, depending on product<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">Thickens cervical mucous to block sperm and egg from meeting and prevents ovulation<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">&gt;99% with correct and consistent use<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">Delayed return to fertility (about 1\u20134 months on the average) after use; irregular vaginal bleeding common, but not harmful<\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>97% as commonly used<\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">Monthly injectables or combined injectable contraceptives (CIC)<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">Injected monthly into the muscle, contains estrogen and progestogen<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">Prevents the release of eggs from the ovaries (ovulation)<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">&gt;99% with correct and consistent use<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">Irregular vaginal bleeding common, but not harmful<\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>97% as commonly used<\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">Combined contraceptive patch and combined contraceptive vaginal ring (CVR)<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">Continuously releases 2 hormones \u2013 a progestin and an estrogen- directly through the skin (patch) or from the ring.<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">Prevents the release of eggs from the ovaries (ovulation)<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">The patch and the CVR are new and research on effectiveness is limited. Effectiveness studies report that it may be more effective than the COCs, both as commonly and consistent or correct use.<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">The Patch and the CVR provide a comparable safety and pharmacokinetic profile to COCs with similar hormone formulations.<\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\" rowspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">Intrauterine device (IUD): copper containing<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">Small flexible plastic device containing copper sleeves or wire that is inserted into the uterus<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">Copper component damages sperm and prevents it from meeting the egg<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">&gt;99%<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">Longer and heavier periods during first months of use are common but not harmful; can also be used as emergency contraception<\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">Intrauterine device (IUD) levonorgestrel<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">A T-shaped plastic device inserted into the uterus that steadily releases small amounts of levonorgestrel each day<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">Thickens cervical mucous to block sperm and egg from meeting<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">&gt;99%<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">Decreases amount of blood lost with menstruation over time; Reduces menstrual cramps and symptoms of endometriosis; amenorrhea (no menstrual bleeding) in a group of users<\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">Male condoms<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">Sheaths or coverings that fit over a man&#8217;s erect penis<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">Forms a barrier to prevent sperm and egg from meeting<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">98% with correct and consistent use<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">Also protects against sexually transmitted infections, including HIV<\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>85% as commonly used<\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">Female condoms<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">Sheaths, or linings, that fit loosely inside a woman&#8217;s vagina, made of thin, transparent, soft plastic film<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">Forms a barrier to prevent sperm and egg from meeting<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">90% with correct and consistent use<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">Also protects against sexually transmitted infections, including HIV<\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">79% as commonly used<\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">Male sterilization (vasectomy)<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">Permanent contraception to block or cut the vas deferens tubes that carry sperm from the testicles<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">Keeps sperm out of ejaculated semen<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">&gt;99% after 3 months semen evaluation<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">3 months delay in taking effect while stored sperm is still present; does not affect male sexual performance; voluntary and informed choice is essential<\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>97\u201398% with no semen evaluation<\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"8\">Female sterilization (tubal ligation)<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"8\">Permanent contraception to block or cut the fallopian tubes<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"8\">Eggs are blocked from meeting sperm<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"8\">&gt;99%<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"8\">Voluntary and informed choice is essential<\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"5\">Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM)<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\">Temporary contraception for new mothers whose monthly bleeding has not returned; requires exclusive or full breastfeeding day and night of an infant less than 6 months old<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\">Prevents the release of eggs from the ovaries (ovulation)<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">99% with correct and consistent use<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\">A temporary family planning method based on the natural effect of breastfeeding on fertility<\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">98% as commonly used<\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">Emergency contraception pills (ulipristal acetate 30 mg or levonorgestrel 1.5 mg)<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">Pills taken to prevent pregnancy up to 5 days after unprotected sex<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">Delays ovulation<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">If all 100 women used progestin-only emergency contraception, one would likely become pregnant.<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">Does not disrupt an already existing pregnancy<\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\" rowspan=\"3\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">Standard Days Method or SDM<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">Women track their fertile periods (usually days 8 to 19 of each 26 to 32 day cycle) using cycle beads or other aids<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">Prevents pregnancy by avoiding unprotected vaginal sex during most fertile days.<\/td>\n<td>95% with consistent and correct use.<\/td>\n<td>Can be used to identify fertile days by both women who want to become pregnant and women who want to avoid pregnancy. Correct, consistent use requires partner cooperation.<\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>88% with common use (Arevalo et al 2002)<\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">Basal Body Temperature (BBT) Method<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">Woman takes her body temperature at the same time each morning before getting out of bed observing for an increase of 0.2 to 0.5 degrees C.<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">Prevents pregnancy by avoiding unprotected vaginal sex during fertile days<\/td>\n<td>99% effective with correct and consistent use.<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">If the BBT has risen and has stayed higher for 3 full days, ovulation has occurred and the fertile period has passed. Sex can resume on the 4th day until her next monthly bleeding.<\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\" rowspan=\"4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>75% with typical use of FABM (Trussell, 2009)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">TwoDay Method<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">Women track their fertile periods by observing presence of cervical mucus (if any type color or consistency)<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">Prevents pregnancy by avoiding unprotected vaginal sex during most fertile days,<\/td>\n<td>96% with correct and consistent use.<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">Difficult to use if a woman has a vaginal infection or another condition that changes cervical mucus. Unprotected coitus may be resumed after 2 consecutive dry days (or without secretions)<\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\" rowspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>86% with typical or common use. (Arevalo, 2004)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">Sympto-thermal Method<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">Women track their fertile periods by observing changes in the cervical mucus (clear texture) , body temperature (slight increase) and consistency of the cervix (softening).<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">Prevents pregnancy by avoiding unprotected vaginal sex during most fertile<\/td>\n<td>98% with correct and consistent use.<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">May have to be used with caution after an abortion, around menarche or menopause, and in conditions which may increase body temperature.<\/td>\n<td class=\"RightAlign\" rowspan=\"4\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Reported 98% with typical use (Manhart et al, 2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"services\">\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><!-- Service --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ethiopia has one of the world\u2019s highest rates of maternal deaths and disabilities in the world. Women have a one-in-52 chance of dying from childbirth-related causes each year. Every year, more than 257,000 children under the age of five die and 120,000 die in the neonatal period. More than 60 percent of infant and 40 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.harlaclinic.et\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8141"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.harlaclinic.et\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.harlaclinic.et\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.harlaclinic.et\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.harlaclinic.et\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8141"}],"version-history":[{"count":29,"href":"https:\/\/www.harlaclinic.et\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8141\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8319,"href":"https:\/\/www.harlaclinic.et\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8141\/revisions\/8319"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.harlaclinic.et\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8141"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}